Daly, E, Komaroff, A L, Bloomingdale, K et al. · Applied neuropsychology · 2001 · DOI
This study compared thinking and memory skills in people with ME/CFS, multiple sclerosis, depression, and healthy controls. Researchers found that all three patient groups had trouble with memory, language, and spatial skills. Importantly, even after accounting for depression symptoms, people with ME/CFS still showed memory problems, suggesting their cognitive difficulties are not simply caused by depression.
This study provides objective evidence that cognitive impairment in ME/CFS is a distinct neurological feature, not merely a secondary effect of depression or mood disturbance. This distinction is crucial for validating patients' experiences and guiding appropriate clinical assessment and treatment strategies.
This study does not establish the underlying biological mechanisms causing memory deficits in ME/CFS, nor does it determine whether cognitive impairment precedes or follows disease onset. The cross-sectional design cannot prove causation or track how cognitive function changes over time. Results are limited to the specific cognitive domains tested and may not generalize to all aspects of cognitive function.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Daly, E, Komaroff, A L, Bloomingdale, K, Wilson, S, & Albert, M S (2001). Neuropsychological function in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and depression.. Applied neuropsychology. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324826AN0801_3
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-daly-2001-neuropsychological-function,
author = {Daly, E and Komaroff, A L and Bloomingdale, K and Wilson, S and Albert, M S},
title = {Neuropsychological function in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and depression.},
journal = {Applied neuropsychology},
year = {2001},
doi = {10.1207/S15324826AN0801_3},
note = {PubMed: 11388119},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/daly-2001-neuropsychological-function},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-30. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/daly-2001-neuropsychological-function
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