Erlwein, Otto, Kaye, Steve, McClure, Myra O et al. · PloS one · 2010 · DOI
In 2009, researchers reported finding a virus called XMRV in about two-thirds of ME/CFS patients in the US, raising hopes for a breakthrough in understanding the disease. This UK study tested blood samples from 186 ME/CFS patients to see if they also carried this virus, but found no evidence of XMRV in any of them. The results suggest the virus may not be common in ME/CFS patients in Europe, or that earlier findings may have been specific to certain populations.
The initial XMRV findings generated significant hope for identifying a viral cause of ME/CFS, which could lead to targeted treatments and improved understanding of disease mechanisms. This negative replication study from an independent UK group was crucial for evaluating the robustness and generalizability of the original claim, ultimately contributing to the broader scientific debate about XMRV's role in ME/CFS.
This study does not prove XMRV is not involved in ME/CFS globally—it only shows the virus was not detected in this UK cohort, which may reflect true geographic differences in prevalence. The failure to detect XMRV does not exclude other potential viral or infectious triggers for ME/CFS. Cross-sectional design means temporal relationships between any infection and disease onset cannot be established.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Erlwein, Otto, Kaye, Steve, McClure, Myra O, Weber, Jonathan, Wills, Gillian, Collier, David, et al. (2010). Failure to detect the novel retrovirus XMRV in chronic fatigue syndrome.. PloS one. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008519
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-erlwein-2010-failure-detect,
author = {Erlwein, Otto and Kaye, Steve and McClure, Myra O and Weber, Jonathan and Wills, Gillian and Collier, David and Wessely, Simon and Cleare, Anthony},
title = {Failure to detect the novel retrovirus XMRV in chronic fatigue syndrome.},
journal = {PloS one},
year = {2010},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0008519},
note = {PubMed: 20066031},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/erlwein-2010-failure-detect},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/erlwein-2010-failure-detect
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