Frallonardo, Luisa, Ritacco, Annunziata Ilenia, Amendolara, Angela et al. · Viruses · 2024 · DOI
This study followed 322 people under age 60 who were hospitalized with COVID-19 and checked on them about 2 years later. Researchers found that 42% of these patients reported difficulty working compared to before they got sick, even though they had recovered from the acute infection. The study identified that women, people with diabetes, and those who needed oxygen during hospitalization were more likely to have lasting work problems.
This study demonstrates that post-COVID syndrome (PASC) causes substantial occupational disability in a significant proportion of previously working adults, paralleling the employment challenges faced by ME/CFS patients. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors for work impairment in PASC informs both post-COVID care pathways and broader recognition of how post-infectious illnesses impact workforce participation and quality of life.
This cross-sectional study cannot establish causation or temporal relationships—it only shows associations at a single timepoint. The study does not define or measure post-exertional malaise (PEM) or other ME/CFS-specific features, so it cannot confirm whether PASC includes a ME/CFS-like phenotype. Self-reported working ability may not capture the full severity of functional impairment and could be influenced by recall bias or other confounding factors.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Frallonardo, Luisa, Ritacco, Annunziata Ilenia, Amendolara, Angela, Cassano, Domenica, Manco Cesari, Giorgia, Lugli, Alessia, et al. (2024). Long-Term Impairment of Working Ability in Subjects under 60 Years of Age Hospitalised for COVID-19 at 2 Years of Follow-Up: A Cross-Sectional Study.. Viruses. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050688
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-frallonardo-2024-long-term,
author = {Frallonardo, Luisa and Ritacco, Annunziata Ilenia and Amendolara, Angela and Cassano, Domenica and Manco Cesari, Giorgia and Lugli, Alessia and Cormio, Mariangela and De Filippis, Michele and Romita, Greta and Guido, Giacomo and Piccolomo, Luigi and Giliberti, Vincenzo and Cavallin, Francesco and Segala, Francesco Vladimiro and Di Gennaro, Francesco and Saracino, Annalisa},
title = {Long-Term Impairment of Working Ability in Subjects under 60 Years of Age Hospitalised for COVID-19 at 2 Years of Follow-Up: A Cross-Sectional Study.},
journal = {Viruses},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.3390/v16050688},
note = {PubMed: 38793570},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/frallonardo-2024-long-term},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/frallonardo-2024-long-term
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