Ghatineh, Simin, Vink, Mark · Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017 · DOI
This review examined a Dutch study called FITNET that claimed internet-based cognitive behavior therapy helped adolescents with ME/CFS recover at high rates. The reviewers found serious problems with how the study was designed and analyzed, including how they defined 'recovery' and that they didn't use objective measurements like activity monitors to confirm their results. The study actually found no meaningful difference between the therapy group and the usual care group at long-term follow-up, suggesting the treatment may not have worked as claimed.
This analysis is important because the FITNET study significantly influenced clinical practice guidelines and ME/CFS treatment recommendations, including plans for a costly NHS-funded replication. The review's findings suggest that CBT and graded exercise therapy may be ineffective or potentially harmful for adolescents with ME/CFS, challenging the basis for these widely-promoted interventions and raising concerns about unnecessary costs and potential harm to patients.
This review does not prove that CBT is harmful to ME/CFS patients, only that the FITNET evidence supporting its benefit is methodologically flawed. The reanalysis does not establish causation regarding any detrimental effects, nor does it negate the possibility that some individuals may benefit from adapted psychological support. It also does not address whether different therapeutic approaches or subgroups of patients might respond differently.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Ghatineh, Simin & Vink, Mark (2017). FITNET's Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Is Ineffective and May Impede Natural Recovery in Adolescents with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. A Review.. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7030052
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-ghatineh-2017-fitnet-internet,
author = {Ghatineh, Simin and Vink, Mark},
title = {FITNET's Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Is Ineffective and May Impede Natural Recovery in Adolescents with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. A Review.},
journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.3390/bs7030052},
note = {PubMed: 28800089},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/ghatineh-2017-fitnet-internet},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-28. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/ghatineh-2017-fitnet-internet
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