Gow, J W, Behan, W M, Simpson, K et al. · Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 1994 · DOI
Researchers tested muscle tissue from 121 ME/CFS patients and 101 people with other muscle disorders to look for enterovirus (a common virus). They found the virus in about 26% of ME/CFS patients and 20% of the comparison group—a difference too small to be meaningful. This contradicts their earlier, smaller study which had found much higher rates in ME/CFS patients, suggesting enterovirus may not be a major ongoing cause of the illness.
For decades, researchers have investigated whether viral infections trigger or maintain ME/CFS. This study addressed whether enterovirus—a virus known to cause post-viral illness—is persistently present in muscle tissue of ME/CFS patients. Understanding potential viral contributions remains important for developing targeted treatments and understanding disease mechanisms.
This study does not prove that enterovirus plays no role in ME/CFS—it only suggests persistent infection in muscle may not be widespread. The negative findings don't exclude enterovirus involvement in the central nervous system, initial disease triggering, or other tissue compartments. The contradiction with their earlier positive findings raises questions about reproducibility and study design rather than definitively settling the question.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Gow, J W, Behan, W M, Simpson, K, McGarry, F, Keir, S, & Behan, P O (1994). Studies on enterovirus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/18.supplement_1.s126
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-gow-1994-studies-enterovirus,
author = {Gow, J W and Behan, W M and Simpson, K and McGarry, F and Keir, S and Behan, P O},
title = {Studies on enterovirus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
year = {1994},
doi = {10.1093/clinids/18.supplement_1.s126},
note = {PubMed: 8148439},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/gow-1994-studies-enterovirus},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/gow-1994-studies-enterovirus
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