Kenny, Tiff-Annie · Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2025 · DOI
This paper describes complex, long-lasting health problems that some people develop after vaccination, which resemble ME/CFS and Long COVID symptoms like fatigue, pain, brain fog, and heart rhythm issues. The author argues that current vaccine safety systems are not well-designed to detect or investigate these kinds of slow-developing, multisystem conditions because they work best for identifying immediate reactions like fever or allergies. The paper proposes changes to how we monitor vaccine safety—including better training for doctors, longer-term tracking of patients, and including patients' own descriptions of their symptoms—to catch these problems more effectively.
This work is critical for ME/CFS because it formally articulates why patients with complex post-infectious and post-vaccination syndromes are systematically missed by existing safety systems, and proposes structural reforms to improve recognition and investigation. For researchers, it provides a conceptual framework (CC-AEFIs) that acknowledges symptom heterogeneity, delayed onset, and multisystem involvement—features central to ME/CFS—and advocates for longitudinal, patient-centered data collection. By highlighting shared mechanisms between post-vaccination and post-infectious syndromes, it strengthens the rationale for integrated investigation of immune-mediated chronic conditions.
This paper does not establish causality between vaccination and any specific chronic illness, nor does it quantify the incidence or prevalence of CC-AEFIs in the population. It is a qualitative systems analysis and reform proposal, not an epidemiological or mechanistic study; therefore, it cannot prove that vaccination causes ME/CFS-like syndromes, only that current systems fail to adequately investigate such cases when reported. The framework is descriptive and surveillance-oriented, not explanatory of underlying biology.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Kenny, Tiff-Annie (2025). Complex chronic adverse events following immunization: a systemic critique and reform proposal for vaccine pharmacovigilance.. Therapeutic advances in drug safety. https://doi.org/10.1177/20420986251395925
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-kenny-2025-complex-chronic,
author = {Kenny, Tiff-Annie},
title = {Complex chronic adverse events following immunization: a systemic critique and reform proposal for vaccine pharmacovigilance.},
journal = {Therapeutic advances in drug safety},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1177/20420986251395925},
note = {PubMed: 41466718},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/kenny-2025-complex-chronic},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/kenny-2025-complex-chronic
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