Lutgendorf, S K, Antoni, M H, Ironson, G et al. · Psychosomatic medicine · 1995 · DOI
This study looked at how a major natural disaster (Hurricane Andrew in 1992) affected people with ME/CFS living in Florida. Patients who experienced the most hurricane damage had worse ME/CFS symptoms and greater difficulty with daily activities compared to those in less-affected areas. Interestingly, how stressed people felt about the hurricane and whether they had social support mattered more than the actual damage itself.
This study demonstrates that environmental stressors and psychological factors can substantially worsen ME/CFS symptoms, providing evidence that stress management, social support, and emotional resilience may play important roles in disease course. Understanding these relationships helps validate the experience of patients whose symptoms flare with stress and informs potential supportive interventions.
This study does not prove that stress *causes* ME/CFS or that psychological factors are the primary driver of the disease. It shows correlation between stress exposure and symptom exacerbation in an already-diagnosed population, but cannot establish causality. The results may not generalize to ME/CFS patients outside Florida or to different types of stressors.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Lutgendorf, S K, Antoni, M H, Ironson, G, Fletcher, M A, Penedo, F, Baum, A, et al. (1995). Physical symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome are exacerbated by the stress of Hurricane Andrew.. Psychosomatic medicine. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199507000-00002
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-lutgendorf-1995-physical-symptoms,
author = {Lutgendorf, S K and Antoni, M H and Ironson, G and Fletcher, M A and Penedo, F and Baum, A and Schneiderman, N and Klimas, N},
title = {Physical symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome are exacerbated by the stress of Hurricane Andrew.},
journal = {Psychosomatic medicine},
year = {1995},
doi = {10.1097/00006842-199507000-00002},
note = {PubMed: 7480560},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/lutgendorf-1995-physical-symptoms},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-29. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/lutgendorf-1995-physical-symptoms
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