Roth, Phillip H, Gadebusch-Bondio, Mariacarla · Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022 · DOI
This study examines how patients created and spread the term "long COVID" by sharing their personal experiences online, which eventually led doctors and health officials to recognize it as a real condition. The researchers compare this process to how ME/CFS patients have struggled for recognition over decades, showing that social media and patient voices can shape how medicine understands and responds to complex illnesses.
Understanding how patient voices and collective action can influence medical recognition is crucial for ME/CFS patients, who have historically faced dismissal despite decades of advocacy. This study validates the power of patient-generated evidence while offering insights into structural barriers that ME/CFS faced but long COVID partially overcame, potentially informing future strategies for improving disease recognition and resource allocation.
This study does not establish the biological mechanisms of long COVID or ME/CFS, nor does it prove that subjective evidence alone determines medical legitimacy. It is a social analysis rather than clinical validation, and the comparison between long COVID and ME/CFS recognition does not explain why some conditions gain traction while others remain marginalized despite similar advocacy efforts.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Roth, Phillip H & Gadebusch-Bondio, Mariacarla (2022). The contested meaning of "long COVID" - Patients, doctors, and the politics of subjective evidence.. Social science & medicine (1982). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114619
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-roth-2022-contested-meaning,
author = {Roth, Phillip H and Gadebusch-Bondio, Mariacarla},
title = {The contested meaning of "long COVID" - Patients, doctors, and the politics of subjective evidence.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
year = {2022},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114619},
note = {PubMed: 34906823},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/roth-2022-contested-meaning},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/roth-2022-contested-meaning
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