Schaefer, K M · Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 1995 · DOI
This study looked at sleep problems in women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Researchers found that both groups had significant sleep difficulties, and that trouble staying asleep was the most common sleep problem reported. There was a clear link between poor sleep and fatigue—women who slept poorly felt more tired.
This study highlights that sleep disturbances are a significant and quantifiable problem in ME/CFS, not merely a secondary symptom. The finding that CFS patients experience worse sleep maintenance than those with similar conditions suggests sleep quality assessment should be a routine part of ME/CFS clinical evaluation.
This study cannot establish causation—it does not prove that poor sleep causes fatigue or vice versa. The small sample size (13 CFS patients) limits generalizability to the broader CFS population. The cross-sectional design captures only a single time point and cannot track how sleep and fatigue change over time.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Schaefer, K M (1995). Sleep disturbances and fatigue in women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.. Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1995.tb02467.x
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-schaefer-1995-sleep-disturbances,
author = {Schaefer, K M},
title = {Sleep disturbances and fatigue in women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.},
journal = {Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN},
year = {1995},
doi = {10.1111/j.1552-6909.1995.tb02467.x},
note = {PubMed: 7782955},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/schaefer-1995-sleep-disturbances},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-30. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/schaefer-1995-sleep-disturbances
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