van Dam, Arno · Frontiers in psychology · 2016 · DOI
This study looked at 113 people diagnosed with burnout to see if they fall into different subgroups based on their fatigue, depression, and anxiety levels. Researchers found two distinct groups that differed mainly in how severe their symptoms were, with depression being the strongest factor that separated them. The study raises important questions about whether burnout is truly a separate condition from depression or chronic fatigue.
Understanding whether burnout and ME/CFS represent overlapping or distinct conditions is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. This study's finding that depression is a key distinguishing factor helps clarify symptom patterns that may be relevant to ME/CFS patients, who often experience similar fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Better subgrouping could lead to more targeted treatments for patients with mixed symptom presentations.
This study cannot establish causality or confirm whether burnout is truly distinct from depression and ME/CFS—it only shows associations in a single cross-sectional sample. The two clusters found may reflect symptom severity differences rather than fundamentally different conditions. The findings cannot be generalized beyond the specific burnout population studied, and no comparison group with ME/CFS was included.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
van Dam, Arno (2016). Subgroup Analysis in Burnout: Relations Between Fatigue, Anxiety, and Depression.. Frontiers in psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00090
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-van-dam-2016-subgroup-analysis,
author = {van Dam, Arno},
title = {Subgroup Analysis in Burnout: Relations Between Fatigue, Anxiety, and Depression.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00090},
note = {PubMed: 26869983},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/van-dam-2016-subgroup-analysis},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-29. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/van-dam-2016-subgroup-analysis
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