Dykman, K D, Tone, C, Ford, C et al. · Integrative physiological and behavioral science : the official journal of the Pavlovian Society · 1998 · DOI
This study looked at whether nutritional supplements might help reduce symptoms in 50 people with fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome. Researchers asked people about their symptoms when they started taking supplements and again nine months later. The people taking supplements reported significant improvement in their symptoms, with continued progress over the nine-month period.
This study addresses a critical gap in ME/CFS treatment options, as conventional medical therapies have limited efficacy and poor durability. For patients with ME/CFS seeking complementary approaches, understanding the potential role of nutritional supplements may inform treatment decisions. The findings suggest a potential avenue worth rigorous investigation given the unmet medical need in this population.
This study cannot establish that the supplements caused the symptom improvements—patients may have improved due to placebo effect, natural disease fluctuation, concurrent lifestyle changes, or expectancy bias. The self-selected sample and lack of control group mean we cannot determine whether improvements would have occurred without supplementation. The study design cannot rule out regression to the mean or other confounding factors.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Dykman, K D, Tone, C, Ford, C, & Dykman, R A (1998). The effects of nutritional supplements on the symptoms of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.. Integrative physiological and behavioral science : the official journal of the Pavlovian Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02688676
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-dykman-1998-effects-nutritional,
author = {Dykman, K D and Tone, C and Ford, C and Dykman, R A},
title = {The effects of nutritional supplements on the symptoms of fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome.},
journal = {Integrative physiological and behavioral science : the official journal of the Pavlovian Society},
year = {1998},
doi = {10.1007/BF02688676},
note = {PubMed: 9594356},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/dykman-1998-effects-nutritional},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-25. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/dykman-1998-effects-nutritional
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