Gray, Eleanor R, Garson, Jeremy A, Breuer, Judith et al. · PloS one · 2011 · DOI
Researchers tested blood samples from 540 people with HIV to see if they carried a virus called XMRV, which had been proposed as a possible cause of ME/CFS. Despite having sensitive tests that could detect even tiny amounts of the virus, they found no evidence of XMRV in any of the patients. This suggests the virus is either not present or extremely rare in the population studied.
This study addresses the controversial XMRV hypothesis that had gained attention as a potential cause of ME/CFS. By finding no evidence of XMRV even in immunocompromised individuals who would be high-risk for such infections, it contributes to the broader scientific debate about XMRV's existence and relevance to ME/CFS, helping researchers redirect focus toward other biological mechanisms.
This study does not prove XMRV is not involved in ME/CFS, as it tested HIV-positive patients rather than a ME/CFS cohort. It cannot establish causation or rule out the possibility that XMRV might be present at undetectable levels in blood or localized in other tissues. The absence of evidence in one population does not exclude the virus's presence or relevance in different patient groups.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Gray, Eleanor R, Garson, Jeremy A, Breuer, Judith, Edwards, Simon, Kellam, Paul, Pillay, Deenan, et al. (2011). No evidence of XMRV or related retroviruses in a London HIV-1-positive patient cohort.. PloS one. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018096
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-gray-2011-evidence-xmrv,
author = {Gray, Eleanor R and Garson, Jeremy A and Breuer, Judith and Edwards, Simon and Kellam, Paul and Pillay, Deenan and Towers, Greg J},
title = {No evidence of XMRV or related retroviruses in a London HIV-1-positive patient cohort.},
journal = {PloS one},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0018096},
note = {PubMed: 21448291},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/gray-2011-evidence-xmrv},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-27. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/gray-2011-evidence-xmrv
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