Hochecker, Barbara, Matt, Katja, Scherer, Melanie et al. · International journal of molecular sciences · 2025 · DOI
This small pilot study looked at how heat treatment (whole-body hyperthermia) affected immune cells from 9 people with ME/CFS. Researchers found that ME/CFS patients' cells showed signs of being overactive in certain ways compared to healthy people, and that heat treatment seemed to help normalize some of these cellular patterns. While these early results are promising, much larger studies are needed to confirm whether heat therapy could be a useful treatment.
Understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying ME/CFS could help explain why patients experience fatigue and guide development of targeted treatments. If heat therapy can normalize abnormal cellular patterns in ME/CFS, this non-pharmacological approach might offer a new therapeutic option for a disease with limited evidence-based treatments.
This pilot study does not prove that whole-body hyperthermia is an effective clinical treatment for ME/CFS—it only shows acute cellular changes in laboratory conditions. The study cannot establish whether these cellular changes translate to symptom improvement, how long effects persist, or whether repeated treatments would be beneficial or safe. Results from 9 patients require validation in larger, controlled clinical trials before clinical recommendations can be made.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Hochecker, Barbara, Matt, Katja, Scherer, Melanie, Meßmer, Alica, von Ardenne, Alexander, & Bergemann, Jörg (2025). Heat vs. Fatigue: Hyperthermia as a Possible Treatment Option for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS).. International journal of molecular sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115339
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-hochecker-2025-heat-fatigue,
author = {Hochecker, Barbara and Matt, Katja and Scherer, Melanie and Meßmer, Alica and von Ardenne, Alexander and Bergemann, Jörg},
title = {Heat vs. Fatigue: Hyperthermia as a Possible Treatment Option for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS).},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26115339},
note = {PubMed: 40508148},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/hochecker-2025-heat-fatigue},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-30. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/hochecker-2025-heat-fatigue
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