Inui, Toshio, Kubo, Kentaro, Kuchiike, Daisuke et al. · Anticancer research · 2015
This study looked at whether a substance called macrophage-activating factor (MAF), derived from cow colostrum (first milk after birth), could help three patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and serious infections. The researchers found that patients who took oral MAF experienced improvements in fatigue and infection symptoms without serious side effects. While these are promising early observations, the study is very small and would need much larger testing to know if this treatment truly works.
This study is relevant because it explores a potential immune-modulating therapy targeting macrophage function, which has been implicated in ME/CFS pathophysiology. For ME/CFS patients seeking treatment options, case reports of novel therapies can generate hypotheses for future clinical trials. Understanding whether immune-based interventions like MAF warrant rigorous investigation is important for expanding the therapeutic pipeline.
This study does not prove that oral MAF is effective for ME/CFS or infections. As case reports without controls, comparisons, or blinded assessment, the improvements described could result from natural recovery, placebo effect, or coincidental resolution. The small sample size and lack of objective biomarkers mean causality cannot be established, and findings cannot be generalized.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Inui, Toshio, Kubo, Kentaro, Kuchiike, Daisuke, Uto, Yoshihiro, Nishikata, Takahito, Sakamoto, Norihiro, et al. (2015). Oral Colostrum Macrophage-activating Factor for Serious Infection and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Three Case Reports.. Anticancer research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26168499/
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-inui-2015-oral-colostrum,
author = {Inui, Toshio and Kubo, Kentaro and Kuchiike, Daisuke and Uto, Yoshihiro and Nishikata, Takahito and Sakamoto, Norihiro and Mette, Martin},
title = {Oral Colostrum Macrophage-activating Factor for Serious Infection and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Three Case Reports.},
journal = {Anticancer research},
year = {2015},
note = {PubMed: 26168499},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/inui-2015-oral-colostrum},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/inui-2015-oral-colostrum
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