Lange, G, Tiersky, L, DeLuca, J et al. · Psychiatry research · 1999 · DOI
Researchers studied Gulf War veterans with severe fatigue to see whether psychiatric disorders could explain their illness. About half of the veterans with Gulf War Illness had similar rates of psychiatric diagnoses as healthy veterans, while the other half had more psychiatric problems. The study found that psychiatric conditions alone cannot account for the fatiguing illness these veterans experience.
This study is important because it challenges the notion that ME/CFS-like illnesses in Gulf War veterans are primarily psychiatric in nature. By demonstrating that roughly half of affected veterans have minimal psychiatric comorbidity, it supports the biological validity of these conditions and advocates for non-psychological explanatory frameworks.
This study does not prove that psychiatric disorders play no role in GWI or that they cannot be secondary consequences of fatiguing illness. The cross-sectional design cannot establish causality or temporal relationships, and the DSM-III-R criteria are now outdated; modern psychiatric assessment might yield different results.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Lange, G, Tiersky, L, DeLuca, J, Peckerman, A, Pollet, C, Policastro, T, et al. (1999). Psychiatric diagnoses in Gulf War veterans with fatiguing illness.. Psychiatry research. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00095-5
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-lange-1999-psychiatric-diagnoses,
author = {Lange, G and Tiersky, L and DeLuca, J and Peckerman, A and Pollet, C and Policastro, T and Scharer, J and Ottenweller, J E and Fiedler, N and Natelson, B H},
title = {Psychiatric diagnoses in Gulf War veterans with fatiguing illness.},
journal = {Psychiatry research},
year = {1999},
doi = {10.1016/s0165-1781(99)00095-5},
note = {PubMed: 10643876},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/lange-1999-psychiatric-diagnoses},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-30. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/lange-1999-psychiatric-diagnoses
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