Maggi, F, Focosi, D, Lanini, L et al. · Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2012 · DOI
Researchers tested whether a virus called XMRV could be found in the blood of 124 people with HIV who had not yet started treatment. Using two sensitive tests designed to detect this virus, they found no evidence of XMRV in any of the participants. This adds to growing doubts about whether XMRV actually causes chronic fatigue syndrome or other diseases in humans.
Since XMRV was initially proposed as a potential cause of ME/CFS, determining whether this virus actually exists in human blood is critical to evaluating its role in the disease. This study adds evidence to the broader scientific consensus that XMRV is likely not a human pathogen, helping to redirect research toward other potential biological mechanisms in ME/CFS.
This study does not prove that XMRV has never infected humans or that it plays no role in any disease—it only shows the virus was not detected in this particular sample at this particular time. Absence of evidence in peripheral blood does not rule out latent or tissue-compartmentalized infection. The study also does not address whether other related retroviruses might be involved in ME/CFS.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Maggi, F, Focosi, D, Lanini, L, Sbranti, S, Mazzetti, P, Macera, L, et al. (2012). Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus is not found in peripheral blood cells from treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03580.x
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-maggi-2012-xenotropic-murine,
author = {Maggi, F and Focosi, D and Lanini, L and Sbranti, S and Mazzetti, P and Macera, L and Davini, S and De Donno, M and Mariotti, M L and Antonelli, G and Scatena, F and Pistello, M},
title = {Xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus is not found in peripheral blood cells from treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
year = {2012},
doi = {10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03580.x},
note = {PubMed: 21672082},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/maggi-2012-xenotropic-murine},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-28. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/maggi-2012-xenotropic-murine
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