Mawle, A C, Nisenbaum, R, Dobbins, J G et al. · Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 1995 · DOI
Researchers tested people with ME/CFS and healthy control groups for antibodies to many common viruses, including herpesviruses and enteroviruses. They found no differences between the two groups—patients with ME/CFS did not have higher levels of antibodies to any of the viruses tested. This suggests that recent or past infection with these particular viruses is not a distinguishing feature of ME/CFS.
This study directly addresses a common hypothesis that ME/CFS may be triggered or perpetuated by specific viral infections. Understanding what is NOT associated with ME/CFS helps researchers refocus efforts on other potential mechanisms and prevents resources from being spent pursuing false leads.
Negative antibody testing does not prove that viruses play no role in ME/CFS—it only shows these particular viruses are not uniformly elevated in this patient group. The study cannot exclude the possibility of latent viral reactivation without high antibody titers, prior infections that resolved completely, or viruses not included in the testing panel. Additionally, findings from Atlanta may not apply to ME/CFS patients in other geographic regions.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Mawle, A C, Nisenbaum, R, Dobbins, J G, Gary, H E, Stewart, J A, Reyes, M, et al. (1995). Seroepidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: a case-control study.. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.6.1386
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-mawle-1995-seroepidemiology-chronic,
author = {Mawle, A C and Nisenbaum, R and Dobbins, J G and Gary, H E and Stewart, J A and Reyes, M and Steele, L and Schmid, D S and Reeves, W C},
title = {Seroepidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: a case-control study.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
year = {1995},
doi = {10.1093/clinids/21.6.1386},
note = {PubMed: 8749620},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/mawle-1995-seroepidemiology-chronic},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-30. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/mawle-1995-seroepidemiology-chronic
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