McIntyre, Roger S, Konarski, Jakub Z, Soczynska, Joanna K et al. · Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2006 · DOI
This study looked at how common medical conditions like chronic fatigue syndrome, migraines, and asthma are in people with bipolar disorder, and how these extra health problems affect their daily lives. Researchers found that people with bipolar disorder who also had other medical conditions struggled more with work, needed more help from doctors, and were less likely to be employed than those with bipolar disorder alone.
This study is relevant to ME/CFS patients because it demonstrates that chronic fatigue syndrome occurs at significantly elevated rates in people with bipolar disorder and that medical comorbidities substantially worsen functional outcomes and healthcare burden. Understanding the relationship between ME/CFS and other conditions like bipolar disorder can help patients and providers recognize and address multiple overlapping illnesses that may complicate diagnosis and treatment.
This study does not establish causality—it cannot determine whether medical comorbidities cause worse bipolar outcomes, or whether bipolar disorder increases risk for these medical conditions. The study uses screening questions rather than confirmed clinical diagnoses, so the actual prevalence of these conditions in bipolar populations remains uncertain. Additionally, cross-sectional data cannot determine temporal relationships or explain why these associations exist.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
McIntyre, Roger S, Konarski, Jakub Z, Soczynska, Joanna K, Wilkins, Kathryn, Panjwani, Gulshan, Bouffard, Beverley, et al. (2006). Medical comorbidity in bipolar disorder: implications for functional outcomes and health service utilization.. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.). https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2006.57.8.1140
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-mcintyre-2006-medical-comorbidity,
author = {McIntyre, Roger S and Konarski, Jakub Z and Soczynska, Joanna K and Wilkins, Kathryn and Panjwani, Gulshan and Bouffard, Beverley and Bottas, Alexandra and Kennedy, Sidney H},
title = {Medical comorbidity in bipolar disorder: implications for functional outcomes and health service utilization.},
journal = {Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)},
year = {2006},
doi = {10.1176/ps.2006.57.8.1140},
note = {PubMed: 16870965},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/mcintyre-2006-medical-comorbidity},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/mcintyre-2006-medical-comorbidity
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