Mundorf, Anna Katharina, Semmler, Amelie, Heidecke, Harald et al. · Vaccines · 2024 · DOI
This study looked at 191 people who developed long-term illness after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, a rare condition affecting about 2 in 10,000 vaccinated people. The most common symptoms were extreme tiredness and overall malaise (affecting over 80%), along with problems like nerve pain, heart issues, and cognitive difficulties. The researchers found that many of these patients meet the criteria for ME/CFS, though some appear to have a different condition entirely.
This study provides the first systematic clinical characterization of PACVS and identifies substantial overlap with ME/CFS diagnostic criteria, suggesting potential pathophysiological links worth investigating. Understanding whether PACVS represents a ME/CFS variant or distinct entity could inform treatment approaches and help clinicians recognize vaccination-related triggers in post-viral illness.
This study does not prove that COVID-19 vaccination causes ME/CFS or PACVS in the general population—it describes only rare cases meeting specific criteria. The biomarkers identified (elevated cytokines, low T3, etc.) correlate with PACVS but do not establish causation or mechanistic pathways. The study cannot determine whether PACVS is truly a distinct syndrome or a subtype of existing conditions.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Mundorf, Anna Katharina, Semmler, Amelie, Heidecke, Harald, Schott, Matthias, Steffen, Falk, Bittner, Stefan, et al. (2024). Clinical and Diagnostic Features of Post-Acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PACVS).. Vaccines. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12070790
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-mundorf-2024-clinical-diagnostic,
author = {Mundorf, Anna Katharina and Semmler, Amelie and Heidecke, Harald and Schott, Matthias and Steffen, Falk and Bittner, Stefan and Lackner, Karl J and Schulze-Bosse, Karin and Pawlitzki, Marc and Meuth, Sven Guenther and Klawonn, Frank and Ruhrländer, Jana and Boege, Fritz},
title = {Clinical and Diagnostic Features of Post-Acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PACVS).},
journal = {Vaccines},
year = {2024},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines12070790},
note = {PubMed: 39066428},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/mundorf-2024-clinical-diagnostic},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-25. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/mundorf-2024-clinical-diagnostic
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