Page, William F · Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies · 2006 · DOI
This article describes an ongoing study of twin brothers who served in World War II, tracking their health over many decades. Researchers have collected detailed health information on over 15,900 pairs of twins and are studying various diseases including chronic fatigue syndrome, as well as how people age and stay healthy. The study is now organizing and combining all their collected data to better understand what factors influence disease risk.
This long-standing registry provides valuable longitudinal data on chronic fatigue syndrome in a large, well-characterized population, offering insights into disease prevalence and natural history. Twin studies are particularly valuable for ME/CFS because they help researchers distinguish genetic factors from environmental factors in disease causation, which is critical for understanding disease mechanisms and developing treatments.
This registry update does not establish causation for any disease or prove that specific risk factors directly cause ME/CFS or other conditions studied. The observational nature of registry data means associations found cannot definitively determine which factors cause disease versus which are consequences of illness. The male-only, white, WWII-era veteran population also limits the applicability of findings to broader ME/CFS populations.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Page, William F (2006). Update on the NAS-NRC Twin Registry.. Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies. https://doi.org/10.1375/183242706779462417
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-page-2006-update-nas,
author = {Page, William F},
title = {Update on the NAS-NRC Twin Registry.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
year = {2006},
doi = {10.1375/183242706779462417},
note = {PubMed: 17254441},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/page-2006-update-nas},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-28. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/page-2006-update-nas
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