Ridhaa, Maha Abdul Saheb, Al-Hakeim, Hussein Kadhem, Kahlol, Mohammed K et al. · Scientific reports · 2025 · DOI
This study looked at children with thalassemia, a blood disorder requiring frequent transfusions, to see if brain damage and inflammation might cause depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue. Researchers measured specific markers of brain injury and inflammation in the blood and found that children with thalassemia had higher levels of these markers and more fatigue and mood symptoms than healthy children. The study suggests that iron buildup from transfusions may damage nerve cells in the brain, leading to these symptoms.
This study provides biological evidence that neuronal damage and inflammation—measurable through blood biomarkers—correlate with chronic fatigue and mood symptoms in a medically complex population. For ME/CFS researchers, it demonstrates that similar mechanisms of iron-related neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation warrant investigation in ME/CFS patients, potentially identifying treatable pathways and biomarkers for patient stratification.
This study does not prove that iron overload directly causes neuronal damage or fatigue symptoms—only that they correlate. It does not establish whether these biomarkers are present in primary ME/CFS patients without thalassemia, nor does it demonstrate whether treating iron overload would reduce fatigue or neuronal injury in any population. Cross-sectional design prevents determination of temporal relationships or causality.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Ridhaa, Maha Abdul Saheb, Al-Hakeim, Hussein Kadhem, Kahlol, Mohammed K, Al-Naqeeb, Tabarek Hadi, Niu, Mengqi, & Maes, Michael (2025). In transfusion-dependent thalassemia, neuronal damage biomarkers are associated with affective and chronic fatigue symptoms.. Scientific reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16757-0
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-ridhaa-2025-transfusion-dependent,
author = {Ridhaa, Maha Abdul Saheb and Al-Hakeim, Hussein Kadhem and Kahlol, Mohammed K and Al-Naqeeb, Tabarek Hadi and Niu, Mengqi and Maes, Michael},
title = {In transfusion-dependent thalassemia, neuronal damage biomarkers are associated with affective and chronic fatigue symptoms.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-16757-0},
note = {PubMed: 40993168},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/ridhaa-2025-transfusion-dependent},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-30. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/ridhaa-2025-transfusion-dependent
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