See, D M, Tilles, J G · Immunological investigations · 1996 · DOI
Researchers gave 30 ME/CFS patients either a drug called interferon or a placebo (inactive treatment) in a controlled trial to see if it would help. While the drug boosted a type of immune cell called Natural Killer cells in the blood, it only actually improved symptoms and quality of life for patients who had specifically low NK cell function at the start. For those 7 patients, their symptoms got significantly better after 12 weeks of treatment.
This study suggests that ME/CFS may comprise immunologically distinct subgroups, and that targeted immune-modulating therapy could benefit specific patients—particularly those with isolated NK cell dysfunction. This finding supports the need for immune phenotyping in ME/CFS treatment trials and raises the possibility of personalized therapeutic approaches based on individual immune profiles.
This study does not prove that interferon is an effective treatment for all ME/CFS patients—it only showed benefit for a small subgroup with pre-existing NK deficiency. The post-hoc stratification and small sample size (n=7 in the responder group) mean results may be due to chance; the findings require independent replication. Additionally, it does not clarify whether boosting NK cells directly causes symptom improvement or whether this is coincidental.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
See, D M & Tilles, J G (1996). alpha-Interferon treatment of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.. Immunological investigations. https://doi.org/10.3109/08820139609059298
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-see-1996-alpha-interferon,
author = {See, D M and Tilles, J G},
title = {alpha-Interferon treatment of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.},
journal = {Immunological investigations},
year = {1996},
doi = {10.3109/08820139609059298},
note = {PubMed: 8675231},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/see-1996-alpha-interferon},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/see-1996-alpha-interferon
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