Setty, Mohan Kumar Haleyur Giri, Devadas, Krishnakumar, Ragupathy, Viswanath et al. · Virology journal · 2011 · DOI
Scientists studied how a virus called XMRV enters and infects human cells, particularly immune cells. They found that while this virus is known to use one main doorway (called XPR1) to get into cells, it can also use other doorways, including ones normally used by immune system molecules called chemokine receptors. This suggests the virus may be more flexible at infecting different types of cells than previously thought.
Understanding how XMRV enters different immune cells is crucial for ME/CFS research because it may explain how the virus persists in patients and causes widespread immune dysfunction. If XMRV can use multiple cellular doorways, this has implications for viral pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies targeting viral entry.
This study does not definitively prove that alternative receptors are the primary entry mechanism—only that XMRV can replicate in cells expressing them. It does not establish a causal link between XMRV infection patterns and ME/CFS symptoms, nor does it confirm XMRV's role in ME/CFS disease pathogenesis. The in vitro findings may not accurately reflect infection dynamics in living patients.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Setty, Mohan Kumar Haleyur Giri, Devadas, Krishnakumar, Ragupathy, Viswanath, Ravichandran, Veerasamy, Tang, Shixing, Wood, Owen, et al. (2011). XMRV: usage of receptors and potential co-receptors.. Virology journal. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-423
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-setty-2011-xmrv-usage,
author = {Setty, Mohan Kumar Haleyur Giri and Devadas, Krishnakumar and Ragupathy, Viswanath and Ravichandran, Veerasamy and Tang, Shixing and Wood, Owen and Gaddam, Durga Sivacharan and Lee, Sherwin and Hewlett, Indira K},
title = {XMRV: usage of receptors and potential co-receptors.},
journal = {Virology journal},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1186/1743-422X-8-423},
note = {PubMed: 21896167},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/setty-2011-xmrv-usage},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/setty-2011-xmrv-usage
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