Tang, Shixing, Zhao, Jiangqin, Haleyur Giri Setty, Mohan Kumar et al. · PloS one · 2011 · DOI
Researchers tested blood samples from healthy U.S. blood donors to see if they carried XMRV or related viruses, which had been found in some ME/CFS patients in earlier studies. Using multiple sensitive detection methods, they found no evidence of these viruses in any of the 110 plasma samples or 71 cell samples they tested. This suggests that these viruses are not present in the U.S. blood supply at detectable levels.
Early reports linking XMRV to ME/CFS raised urgent concerns about blood transfusion safety and disease etiology in ME/CFS patients. This study's negative findings contributed to the scientific consensus that XMRV is not reliably detectable in patient or donor populations, eventually leading to retraction of the original XMRV-CFS association and redirecting research toward other biological mechanisms in ME/CFS.
A negative result does not prove XMRV never plays any role in ME/CFS or that the virus does not exist in any patient subgroup; it only shows non-detection in this particular donor cohort using these assays at the time of testing. The study does not address whether prior positive reports were due to contamination, technical artifacts, or genuine but rare infections in specific patient populations rather than healthy donors.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Tang, Shixing, Zhao, Jiangqin, Haleyur Giri Setty, Mohan Kumar, Devadas, Krishnakumar, Gaddam, Durga, Viswanath, Ragupathy, et al. (2011). Absence of detectable XMRV and other MLV-related viruses in healthy blood donors in the United States.. PloS one. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0027391
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-tang-2011-absence-detectable,
author = {Tang, Shixing and Zhao, Jiangqin and Haleyur Giri Setty, Mohan Kumar and Devadas, Krishnakumar and Gaddam, Durga and Viswanath, Ragupathy and Wood, Owen and Zhang, Panhe and Hewlett, Indira K},
title = {Absence of detectable XMRV and other MLV-related viruses in healthy blood donors in the United States.},
journal = {PloS one},
year = {2011},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0027391},
note = {PubMed: 22110639},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/tang-2011-absence-detectable},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-25. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/tang-2011-absence-detectable
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