Tokizane, Kyohei, Konishi, Hiroyuki, Yasui, Masaya et al. · Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2013 · DOI
When the body experiences prolonged stress, it can affect how the pituitary gland (a small gland in the brain that controls many hormones) works. In this rat study, researchers found that stress caused increased production of a protein called VGF in certain pituitary cells. Interestingly, this increase happened because stress reduced levels of dopamine, a chemical messenger that normally keeps VGF levels low.
This mechanistic work identifies a potential neuroendocrine pathway disrupted by chronic stress that could contribute to ME/CFS pathophysiology. Understanding how stress dysregulates the pituitary-hypothalamic dopamine system and VGF expression may reveal therapeutic targets for managing stress-related symptoms in post-viral or chronic fatigue conditions.
This study does not prove that VGF elevation directly causes ME/CFS or that this pathway is abnormal in ME/CFS patients—it only demonstrates a stress-response mechanism in rats. The findings cannot establish whether VGF changes are a cause, consequence, or bystander effect of chronic stress. Human clinical validation is needed to determine if this rat model pathway is relevant to ME/CFS disease biology.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Tokizane, Kyohei, Konishi, Hiroyuki, Yasui, Masaya, Ogawa, Tokiko, Sasaki, Kazuki, Minamino, Naoto, et al. (2013). Continuous stress promotes expression of VGF in melanotroph via suppression of dopamine.. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.012
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-tokizane-2013-continuous-stress,
author = {Tokizane, Kyohei and Konishi, Hiroyuki and Yasui, Masaya and Ogawa, Tokiko and Sasaki, Kazuki and Minamino, Naoto and Kiyama, Hiroshi},
title = {Continuous stress promotes expression of VGF in melanotroph via suppression of dopamine.},
journal = {Molecular and cellular endocrinology},
year = {2013},
doi = {10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.012},
note = {PubMed: 23541636},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/tokizane-2013-continuous-stress},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-28. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/tokizane-2013-continuous-stress
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