Torenbeek, M, Mes, C A J, van Liere, M J et al. · Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde · 2006
Researchers tested whether a rehabilitation program combining cognitive behavioral therapy (talking-based therapy to change thought patterns) and gradually increased physical activity could help ME/CFS patients feel less fatigued and function better. After completing the program, 70% of patients reported less fatigue, 68% experienced less disability, and 55% had improved physical function, though some patients did not improve.
This study provides evidence that structured rehabilitation combining cognitive and physical approaches may benefit a substantial subset of ME/CFS patients, offering hope for functional improvement in a condition with limited treatment options. The real-world clinical setting and long mean symptom duration increase relevance to established ME/CFS populations seeking evidence-based interventions.
This study cannot prove that graded activity and cognitive behavioral therapy caused the improvements, as there is no control group or randomization. The uncontrolled design means improvements could reflect natural recovery, placebo effect, regression to the mean, or patient selection bias. Additionally, the 9.5% deterioration rate and loss of follow-up data in 25% of enrollees suggest the intervention is not universally beneficial and outcomes may be selectively reported.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Torenbeek, M, Mes, C A J, van Liere, M J, Schreurs, K M G, ter Meer, R, Kortleven, G C, et al. (2006). [Favourable results of a rehabilitation programme with cognitive behavioural therapy and graded physical activity in patients with the chronic-fatigue syndrome].. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17036861/
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-torenbeek-2006-favourable-results,
author = {Torenbeek, M and Mes, C A J and van Liere, M J and Schreurs, K M G and ter Meer, R and Kortleven, G C and Warmerdam, C G M},
title = {[Favourable results of a rehabilitation programme with cognitive behavioural therapy and graded physical activity in patients with the chronic-fatigue syndrome].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
year = {2006},
note = {PubMed: 17036861},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/torenbeek-2006-favourable-results},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-29. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/torenbeek-2006-favourable-results
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