Crépeaux, Guillemette, Eidi, Housam, David, Marie-Odile et al. · Toxicology · 2017 · DOI
This study gave mice different amounts of aluminum hydroxide (a substance used in vaccines) injected into muscle and then checked their brains 6 months later. Surprisingly, the mice that received the lowest dose showed cognitive and movement changes, increased immune cell activity in the brain, and accumulated more aluminum in their brains—while the mice given higher doses did not. This unusual pattern suggests that aluminum's harmful effects may not simply follow the traditional "more dose = more harm" rule.
For ME/CFS patients reporting symptom onset after vaccination, this study provides experimental evidence that aluminum adjuvants can reach the brain and cause lasting neurological changes, challenging the assumption that vaccines are uniformly safe across all doses. Understanding non-linear dose-response patterns is critical for identifying which individuals may be vulnerable to adverse effects and for optimizing vaccine safety monitoring. This work supports the scientific plausibility of immune-mediated neurological conditions temporally associated with aluminum-containing vaccines.
This mouse study does not prove that aluminum hydroxide causes ME/CFS in humans, nor does it establish causation at typical human vaccine doses or schedules. The study cannot determine whether these neurological changes in mice are permanent, reversible, or clinically equivalent to human ME/CFS symptoms. Additionally, individual genetic or immune factors that might increase human susceptibility remain unexplored.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Crépeaux, Guillemette, Eidi, Housam, David, Marie-Odile, Baba-Amer, Yasmine, Tzavara, Eleni, Giros, Bruno, et al. (2017). Non-linear dose-response of aluminium hydroxide adjuvant particles: Selective low dose neurotoxicity.. Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.018
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-crpeaux-2017-non-linear,
author = {Crépeaux, Guillemette and Eidi, Housam and David, Marie-Odile and Baba-Amer, Yasmine and Tzavara, Eleni and Giros, Bruno and Authier, François-Jérôme and Exley, Christopher and Shaw, Christopher A and Cadusseau, Josette and Gherardi, Romain K},
title = {Non-linear dose-response of aluminium hydroxide adjuvant particles: Selective low dose neurotoxicity.},
journal = {Toxicology},
year = {2017},
doi = {10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.018},
note = {PubMed: 27908630},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/crpeaux-2017-non-linear},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-26. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/crpeaux-2017-non-linear
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