Zachrisson, Olof, Regland, Björn, Jahreskog, Marianne et al. · European journal of pain (London, England) · 2002 · DOI
Researchers tested whether injections of a substance called staphylococcus toxoid could help people with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Over 6 months, 100 patients received either the active treatment or placebo injections. Two-thirds of patients receiving the active treatment reported improvement compared to only one-fifth receiving placebo, suggesting the treatment may help some people with these conditions.
This study provides evidence that an immunologically-based intervention may offer symptomatic relief for a substantial proportion of FM/CFS patients, potentially opening new therapeutic avenues for conditions with limited treatment options. The finding that symptom relapse occurs after treatment discontinuation suggests the underlying mechanism may be modifiable and warrants further investigation into both efficacy and duration of benefit.
This study does not establish a causal mechanism for how staphylococcus toxoid produces benefit—whether through immune modulation, placebo response enhancement, or other pathways remains unclear. The study also cannot predict which individual patients will benefit or determine optimal long-term maintenance dosing. Results from a single 2002 trial do not constitute definitive evidence and require replication in larger, contemporary cohorts before clinical adoption.
About the PEM badge: “PEM required” means post-exertional malaise was an explicit required diagnostic criterion for participant inclusion in this study — not that PEM was studied, observed, or discussed. Studies using criteria that do not require PEM (e.g. Fukuda, Oxford) are tagged “PEM not required”. How the atlas works →
The first block is for the primary paper and is the citation you should use in research work. The atlas-snapshot line only applies if you are specifically referring to this atlas’s reading of the paper on the date shown.
Primary citation
Zachrisson, Olof, Regland, Björn, Jahreskog, Marianne, Jonsson, Michael, Kron, Margareta, & Gottfries, Carl-Gerhard (2002). Treatment with staphylococcus toxoid in fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome--a randomised controlled trial.. European journal of pain (London, England). https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-3801(02)00044-7
BibTeX
@article{mecfsatlas-zachrisson-2002-treatment-staphylococcus,
author = {Zachrisson, Olof and Regland, Björn and Jahreskog, Marianne and Jonsson, Michael and Kron, Margareta and Gottfries, Carl-Gerhard},
title = {Treatment with staphylococcus toxoid in fibromyalgia/chronic fatigue syndrome--a randomised controlled trial.},
journal = {European journal of pain (London, England)},
year = {2002},
doi = {10.1016/s1090-3801(02)00044-7},
note = {PubMed: 12413434},
url = {https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/zachrisson-2002-treatment-staphylococcus},
}Atlas snapshot reference
ME/CFS Atlas. Generator v1 / Scanner v1.4 / policy v0.1. Accessed 2026-05-30. https://www.mecfsatlas.com/evidence/zachrisson-2002-treatment-staphylococcus
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